柑橘L-半乳糖-1,4-内酯脱氢酶基因的克隆

利用同源序列法结合电子克隆技术,从温州蜜柑幼果中克隆到长度为2 111 bp的L-半乳糖-1,4一内酯脱氢酶基因(citGalLDH),GenBank登录号为FJ849840.生物信息分析表明该基因包含一个1 818 bp的开放阅读框,编码605个氨基酸,分子质量为68 628.63 u,等电点为8.727;柑橘GalLDH蛋白具备FAD_binding_4和ALO结构域,与杨树和拟南芥GalLDH蛋白的关系较近.所克隆的citGalLDH可为深入研究柑橘Vc合成分子机制奠定基础.     

埃及吹绵蚧在砂糖桔上的危害及其防治

为了解埃及吹绵蚧在砂糖桔上的发生情况,采用5点取样法对其发生情况及特点进行了调查,并选用25%优乐得1000倍液、95%机油乳剂100倍液进行了防治试验.结果表明:高要市部分的砂糖桔果园上全年可见埃及吹绵蚧危害;25%优乐得1000倍液10 d和30 d的虫口减退率分别达87.1%和72.7%. 95%机油乳剂100倍液7 d和30 d的虫口减退率分别达81.1%和42.1%,2种药剂均有较好的防治效果.     

水分胁迫下柑橘生理生化指标的变化

综述了柑橘对水分胁迫反应的研究进展,对柑橘在水分胁迫下气孔反应、光合作用、水势变化、碳水化合物代谢、矿质营养、活性氧代谢、内源激素、脯氨酸和甜菜碱等生理生化指标的反应作了全面的阐述。     

Quantitative trait loci analysis of citrus leprosis resistance in an interspecific backcross family of (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus reticulata</Emphasis> Blanco × <Emphasis Type="Italic">C. sinensis</Emphasis> L. Osbeck) × <Emphasis Type="Italic">C. sinensis</Emphasis> L. Osb

Leprosis, caused by citrus leprosis virus (CiLV) and transmitted by the tenuipalpid mite Brevipalpus phoenicis, is one of the most important viruses of citrus in the Americas. Sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) are highly susceptible to CiLV, while mandarins (C. reticulata Blanco) and some of their hybrids have higher tolerance or resistance to this disease. The mechanisms involved in the resistance and its inheritance are still largely unknown. To study the quantitative trait loci (QTL; quantitative trait loci) associated with the resistance to CiLV, progeny analyses were established with 143 hybrid individuals of ‘Pêra’ sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osb.) and ‘Murcott’ tangor (C. reticulata Blanco × C. sinensis L. Osb.) from controlled crossings. Disease assessment of the hybrid individuals was conducted by infesting the plants with viruliferous mites in the field. The experiment consisted of a randomized completely block design with ten replicates. The evaluated phenotypic traits were incidence and severity of the disease on leaves and branches, for a period of 3 years. The MapQTL™ v.4.0 software was used for the identification and location of possible QTL associated with resistance to CiLV on a genetic map obtained from 260 AFLP and 5 RAPD markers. Only consistent QTLs from different phenotypic traits and years of evaluation, with the critical LOD scores to determine the presence or absence of each QTL calculated through the random permutation test, were considered. A QTL was observed and had a significant effect on the phenotypic variation, ranging from 79.4 to 84% depending on which trait (incidence or severity) was assessed. This suggests that few genes are involved in the genetic resistance of citrus to CiLV.     

春见桔橙耐贮性及理化性状变化研究

摘要：为了确定春见桔橙的最佳销售时期,提高经济效益;将春见桔橙[(Citrus reticulata × C. sinensis) cv. Okitsu No. 44]果实采收后常温贮藏135d,对储藏期的果实单果重、果皮厚度、果汁率,可溶性固形物、酸含量、固酸比、糖酸比,腐果率、果实病害类型等变化规律进行研究;结果表明：春见桔橙贮藏性能较好;糖含量在贮藏75d内呈上升趋势,75d后开始缓慢下降;贮藏90d后单果重较显著下降;可食率和果汁率在贮藏90d内呈上升趋势,随后逐渐呈下降趋势;贮藏期间腐果率呈幂函数变化;青绿霉病是引起果实腐烂的主要病害。结论：贮藏前期（45d）含酸量的大幅降低是导致糖酸比值和固酸比值升高、品质提升的最主要原因;贮藏45d后是较为适宜的食用时期;春见桔橙在采收时并未进入真正的成熟期,翌年1月中旬真正成熟。     

湖南宽皮柑橘EST-SSR反应体系研究

首次以EST-SSR 技术应用于湖南宽皮柑橘的研究中,进行了引物的设计与筛选,建立了湖南宽皮柑橘的EST-SSR 的反应体系。共筛选了20对引物,其中12对引物扩增多态性较高,研究确定在25 uL的反应体系中, Mg2+浓度在2.5 mmol?L-1, dNTP 0.2 mmol?L-1,上下引物各为0.2umol?L-1, Taq酶浓度为1.0 U效果好 , 最佳PCR程序为94℃预变性１ min,然后94 ℃,1 min;52 ℃,1min;73 ℃,1min,45个循环,最后73 ℃延伸3 min,利用优化后的反应体系成功构建湖南宽皮柑橘EST-SSR的指纹图谱.     

柑橘TIFY基因的结构特征及响应低温的表达分析

TIFY基因家族是一类包含TIFY结构域的植物特有转录因子,与植物的生长发育密切相关,且在非生物逆境响应中起着重要作用。本研究基于柑橘基因组测序结果,分析了3个TIFY基因家族成员的基因结构特征,并利用qPCR分析了低温胁迫下这些基因的表达水平。结果表明：(1)3个TIFY基因含有TIFY结构域和Jas motif,属于JAZ蛋白亚家族基因;(2)3个TIFY基因的启动子含有LTR、DRE core、STRE、TC-rich repeats等逆境相关顺式作用元件以及MeJA响应元件、ABA响应元件等激素响应相关元件,推测3个TIFY基因可以响应多种非生物胁迫;(3)Cs1g17220和Cs4g07130在果实中高表达,推测其可能与果实发育相关;(4)3个TIFY基因受低温诱导在早期上调表达,且受低温胁迫的程度越大,其受诱导上调表达的倍数越高。本研究将为进一步解析TIFY基因家族在柑橘中的作用和功能提供重要线索。     

中国柑橘黄龙病研究30年

综述了我国自1978年以来有关柑橘黄龙病的研究概况,包括柑橘黄龙病在我国的分布与危害、黄龙病寄主、病原研究、病害诊断与检测、传播途径与病害流行、防控技术等.     

Role of the Helix aspersa snail as a vector of Phytophthora citrophthora causing branch cankers on clementine trees in Spain

This study investigated the suspected role of invertebrate vectors in the transmission of phytophthora branch canker, a severe disease of clementine cultivars in Spain, caused by Phytophthora citrophthora . Ants ( Lasius grandis ) and snails ( Helix aspersa and Rumina decollata ) were collected in spring and autumn 2005 from 15 commercial citrus fields which were severely affected by the disease. Isolations made from L. grandis and R. decollata bodies did not yield positive results. However, P. citrophthora was isolated from 5·0% of bodies of H. aspersa and 4·8% of samples of their faeces. In one assay, after snails were allowed to feed for 5 h on citrus branches which had been artificially infected with P. citrophthora , the pathogen was isolated from 79% of their faeces. In another experiment, snails were infested by placing them in contact with a substrate colonized by P. citrophthora and then transferred to the base of potted 4-year-old trees of cvs Clemenules, Fortune and Nova in the glasshouse. One day after their release, infested snails were widely distributed throughout the tree canopies and 10 days later bark discoloration and gum exudations were observed on the trees. Phytophthora citrophthora was readily isolated from tissues showing symptoms.     

Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression in citrus and pepper plants in response to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas axonopodis</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">citri</Emphasis>

Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression in response to high and low temperatures was studied in orange, the host plant of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and in a non-host resistant plant, pepper. As expected in both plants, the expression of these chaperones was induced at high temperatures while at cold temperatures the response was chaperone and plant-dependent. Expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90 was analysed during citrus canker and no changes in their levels could be observed whereas pepper plants infiltrated with the phytopathogen showed an increase in the levels of both chaperones. These results suggest that no changes in Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression are necessary during the disease while they are increased in non-host resistance.